Siemens Solar Panels direct from Bullnet

				Siemens AG and Bayernwerk AG strengthen their ongoing solar energy partnership: A solar facade for a 10th birthday To mark ten years of cooperation in solar energy between Siemens AG and Bayernwerk AG, the joint venture Siemens Solar GmbH has now erected a unique solar facade on its company building in Munich-Freimann. It consists of 86 state-of-the-art solar modules and feeds the power generated by the plant – more than seven kilowatts electrical power at peak times - directly into the grid. With around 1,700 hours of sunshine in the Munich area annually the plant is on a site which is favorably positioned for solar energy use. "The plant is being commissioned at just the right time to give new impetus to the city of Munich on the road to becoming a solar power city"  said Joachim Lorenz, health and environment officer for the city of Munich, in his welcoming speech. The two partner companies Siemens and Bayernwerk have already been able to make great progress in the area of solar energy. They have jointly implemented more than 900 innovative projects to demonstrate what is possible with this technology. Bayernwerk took a 49% share in Siemens Solar in 1989. Arco Solar was then acquired, making Siemens Solar the world market leader. Since then, Siemens Solar has supplied solar cells with a total output of more than 150 megawatts,  more than any other manufacturer. This period has also seen great technical advances, an excellent example of which is the one-megawatt solar roof on the halls of the New Munich Trade Fair Center which far exceeds performance of comparable installations. Bayernwerk is today not only the largest hydroelectric power operator in Germany but is also a leader in solar technology. "We knew right at the start of our partnership with Siemens that this would not be a fast track to making money, said Bayernwerk board member Dr. Manfred Klis. The successful further development of solar technology and also the new general conditions of the renewable energies law in Germany makes him more certain that ten years of "drought" can now be followed by ten years of "plenty". The subsidies to solar power generation amounting to 99 Pfennigs per kilowatt hour as well as additional stimuli by the "100,000 rooftops program`` would lead to a surge in demand for solar plants in Germany, expects Klis. Although photovoltaics currently only makes a modest contribution to global power generation, it is the most cost effective and reliable power source in areas remote from the grid. "This applies particularly to developing countries where one third of the world's population still lives without electricity, said Klaus Ziegler, President and CEO of EPCOS AG and Chair of the advisory board of Siemens Solar GmbH. The major project that Siemens Solar has been implementing since the start of the 90s in the Sahel zone shows the way forward. Use of solar energy allows two million people in this region to be supplied with drinking water, light and cooled medicines. The contribution of photovoltaics to power supply in industrial countries depends on how quickly manufacturers can succeed in reducing their costs. Siemens Solar is therefore increasingly opting to switch from the classical crystalline silicon technology to lower-cost thin-film technology based on a semiconductor connection made of copper, indium and selenium (CIS). Siemens and Bayernwerk also see this as an important springboard for sustained positive business development over the next few years "Our aim is to be right out in front with CIS-based products on the world market – both in industrial and developing countries", said Ziegler when referring to the business policies of Siemens Solar.

 Siemens Solar panels

Solar panel
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A photovoltaic (PV) module that is composed of multiple PV cells. Two or more interconnected PV modules create an array.conservs the energy of THE LIGHT . Electrons from these excited atoms form an electric current, which can be used by external devices. Solar panels were in use over one hundred years ago for water heating in homes. Solar panels can also be made with a specially shaped mirror that concentrates light onto a tube of oil. The oil then heats up, and travels through a vat of water, instantly boiling it. The steam created turns a turbine for power.[1]

Contents [hide]
1 History 
2 How Solar Panels Work 
3 See also 
4 References 



solar panels History
The history of solar panels dates back to 1839, when French physicist Antoine César Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect during an experiment involving an electrolytic cell that was made up of two metal electrodes placed in an electrolyte solution. Becquerel discovered that when his device was exposed to light the amount of electricity generated increased.[2]

Then in 1883, the first genuine solar cell was built by Charles Fritts. Fritts' solar cell was formed by coating sheets of selenium with a thin layer of gold.[3]

Between 1883 and 1941 many scientists, inventors and companies experimented with solar energy. During these years Clarence Kemp, a Baltimore inventor patented the first commercial water heater powered from solar energy. In addition, Albert Einstein published his thesis on the photoelectric effect and a few years later received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research. William Bailey, an employee of the Carnegie Steel Company, invented the first solar collector with copper coils contained in an insulated box.[2]

In 1941, Russell Ohl, an American inventor who worked for Bell Laboratories, patented the first silicon solar cell. Ohl’s new invention led Bell Laboratories to produce the first crystalline silicon solar panel in 1954. This solar cell achieved a 4% return on energy conversion. In the years that followed, other scientists continued to improve on this original solar cell and began to produce solar cells with 6% efficiency.[4]

The first large scale use for solar electrical energy was space satellites. With government backing much of the research the US was able to produce a solar cell with twenty percent efficiency by 1980 and by early 2000 had produced solar cells with 24% efficiency. As of November 2007 two companies, Spectrolab and Emcore Photovoltaics dominate world solar cell production and have the ability to produce cells with 28% efficiency.[4]


solar panels How Solar Panels Work
The basic element of solar panels is pure silicon. When stripped of impurities, silicon makes an ideal neutral platform for transmission of electrons. In silicon’s natural state, it carries four electrons, but has room for eight. Therefore silicon has room for four more electrons. If a silicon atom comes in contact with another silicon atom, each receives the other atom's four electrons. Eight electrons satisfy the atoms' needs, this creates a strong bond, but there is no positive or negative charge. This material is used on the plates of solar panels. Combining silicon with other elements that have a positive or negative charge can also create solar panels.[5]

For example, phosphorus has five electrons to offer to other atoms. If silicon and phosphorus are combined chemically, the results are a stable eight electrons with an additional free electron. The silicon does not need the free electron, but it can not leave because it is bonded to the other phosphorous atom. Therefore, this silicon and phosphorus plate is considered to be negatively charged.[5]

A positive charge must also be created in order for electricity to flow. Combining silicon with an element such as boron, which only has three electrons to offer, creates a positive charge. A silicon and boron plate still has one spot available for another electron. Therefore, the plate has a positive charge. The two plates are sandwiched together to make solar panels, with conductive wires running between them.[5]

Photons bombard the silicon/phosphorus atoms when the negative plates of solar cells are pointed at the sun. Eventually, the 9th electron is knocked off the outer ring. Since the positive silicon/boron plate draws it into the open spot on its own outer band, this electron doesn't remain free for long. As the sun's photons break off more electrons, electricity is then generated. When all of the conductive wires draw the free electrons away from the plates, there is enough electricity to power low amperage motors or other electronics, although the electricity generated by one solar cell is not very impressive by itself. When electrons are not used or lost to the air they are returned to the negative plate and the entire process begins again.[5]


solar panels See also
Battery (electricity) 
Energy economics 
Photovoltaic array 
Photovoltaics in transport 
Renewable energy 
Solar power satellite 
Solar lamp 

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